The Sovereign State of Vatican City
Of course, the Vatican is older than Roscoe Bartlett, but when Roscoe was born, it was not an independent state. In 1929, Pope Pius XI negotiated with then Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini the treaty which established the independent and sovereign state of Vatican City . The Lateran Treaty requires that Vatican City maintain absolute neutrality in its international relations and, until 1984, it established Catholicism as the official state religion of Italy. Mussolini, a fascist, was a chief ally of Adolf Hitler. After Mussolini was executed in 1945, his body was taken to a gas station in Milan where it was hung upside down on a meat hook. Today, a cross marks the spot where he died.
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